Khaqan Stands Before Eskandar From a dispersed manuscript of the Quintet (Khamsa) of Nizami (d. 1209), Iran, mid-16th century, Ink on paper and opaque watercolour, On loan from the Royal Ontario Museum, 938.29.3A

Khaqan Stands Before Eskandar From a dispersed manuscript of the Quintet (Khamsa) of Nizami (d. 1209), Iran, mid-16th century, Ink on paper and opaque watercolour, On loan from the Royal Ontario Museum, 938.29.3A

Alexander the Great (356 – 323 BCE) is known under many names, including the Persian ‘Eskandar’ of these manuscripts from Iran and Uzbekistan. His Macedonian origins and association with Greek culture — above all through his teacher, Aristotle — were eclipsed by his travels and conquest of much of the known world. Traditions across Asia, Europe, and Africa paint a picture of Alexander as a figure of exemplary power and audacity, as well as a warning of the dangers of overreach. This vivid illustration depicts Alexander on horseback meeting the defeated Mongol ruler or Khaqan, who stands before him, head bowed in homage.

Royal Ontario Museum

mid-16th century

Royal Ontario Museum

Ink on paper and opaque watercolour

Persian

ROM 938.29.3A

Iran