<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="https://booksalongthesilkroads.library.utoronto.ca/items/show/2784">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Cover image for splash page]]></dcterms:title>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://booksalongthesilkroads.library.utoronto.ca/items/show/2775">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Khaqan Stands Before Eskandar From a dispersed manuscript of the Quintet (Khamsa) of Nizami (d. 1209), Iran, mid-16th century, Ink on paper and opaque watercolour, On loan from the Royal Ontario Museum, 938.29.3A]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[Alexander the Great (356 – 323 BCE) is known under many names, including the Persian ‘Eskandar’ of these manuscripts from Iran and Uzbekistan. His Macedonian origins and association with Greek culture — above all through his teacher, Aristotle — were eclipsed by his travels and conquest of much of the known world. Traditions across Asia, Europe, and Africa paint a picture of Alexander as a figure of exemplary power and audacity, as well as a warning of the dangers of overreach. This vivid illustration depicts Alexander on horseback meeting the defeated Mongol ruler or Khaqan, who stands before him, head bowed in homage. <br />
]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[Royal Ontario Museum]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[mid-16th century]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:rights><![CDATA[Royal Ontario Museum]]></dcterms:rights>
    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[Ink on paper and opaque watercolour]]></dcterms:format>
    <dcterms:language><![CDATA[Persian]]></dcterms:language>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ROM 938.29.3A]]></dcterms:identifier>
    <dcterms:coverage><![CDATA[Iran]]></dcterms:coverage>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://booksalongthesilkroads.library.utoronto.ca/items/show/2772">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Record of the Pilgrimage Journey (Chao jin tu ji) by Ma Fuchu, China, 1861, Woodblock print on paper, AKM681]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[This book, on making the Islamic pilgrimage (hajj) from China to Mecca, is printed on lightweight but strong Asian paper and bound using a style traditional to China and East Asia which creates intricate geometric designs. <br />
<br />
This version, a simple and utilitarian binding called ‘Tangben style,’ consists of four holes (‘four eyes’) sewn with strong silk thread. Stitched books have a long history, with examples found in the Mogao Caves of Dunhuang that can be dated as early as the seventh century.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[Aga Khan Museum]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[1861]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:rights><![CDATA[Aga Khan Museum]]></dcterms:rights>
    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[Woodblock print on paper<br />
]]></dcterms:format>
    <dcterms:language><![CDATA[Chinese]]></dcterms:language>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[AKM 681]]></dcterms:identifier>
    <dcterms:coverage><![CDATA[China]]></dcterms:coverage>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://booksalongthesilkroads.library.utoronto.ca/items/show/2766">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Book Case, Central Asia or Iran, early 20th century, Silver, fire-gilded with open work and table-cut carnelians, On loan from the Marshall and Marilyn R. Wolf Collection, Toronto, LI2021.30.8]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[According to Islam, the Qur&#039;an offers divine protection, and the holy book has often been kept in a lavishly decorated case when not in use for recitation. Silver, the main material of this case, was thought<br />
to possess healing properties in the Central Asian Turkmen tradition. The combination of holy book and silver metal suggests apotropaic or protective qualities, with the Qur&#039;an in its case hung up on the wall to offer blessings to the owner of the house or tent.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[Wolf Collection]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[early 20th century]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:contributor><![CDATA[Photographer credit: Courtesy of the Marshall and Marilyn R. Wolf Collection]]></dcterms:contributor>
    <dcterms:rights><![CDATA[Wolf Collection]]></dcterms:rights>
    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[Materials: Silver, fire-gilded with open work and table-cut carnelians]]></dcterms:format>
    <dcterms:language><![CDATA[Arabic]]></dcterms:language>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[M. M. Wolf Collection LI2021.30.8]]></dcterms:identifier>
    <dcterms:coverage><![CDATA[Central Asia or Iran]]></dcterms:coverage>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://booksalongthesilkroads.library.utoronto.ca/items/show/2763">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Moveable types, Korea, ca. 18th century, Wood, carved, ROM 952X90.35]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[Printing developed in East Asia long before it did in Europe, including both large-scale woodblocks and moveable type, and was used for imprinting patterns on textiles as well as on paper. Clay and wood type were made in China during the eleventh century, while the more durable metal type emerged in Korea during the thirteenth century. The four wooden pieces of type shown here were produced in 1772 or 1777, reworking the Chinese character typeface style of Gapinja, which greatly enhanced the Korean technology of moveable type printing.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[Royal Ontario Museum]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[ca. 18th century]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:contributor><![CDATA[Photographer credit: Courtesy of the Royal Ontario Museum]]></dcterms:contributor>
    <dcterms:rights><![CDATA[Royal Ontario Museum]]></dcterms:rights>
    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[Materials: Wood, carved]]></dcterms:format>
    <dcterms:language><![CDATA[Korean]]></dcterms:language>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ROM 952X90.35]]></dcterms:identifier>
    <dcterms:coverage><![CDATA[Korea]]></dcterms:coverage>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://booksalongthesilkroads.library.utoronto.ca/items/show/2760">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Moveable Type, Korea, 18th century, Wood, carved, On loan from the Royal Ontario Museum, 952X90.33]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[Printing developed in East Asia long before it did in Europe, including both large-scale woodblocks and moveable type, and was used for imprinting patterns on textiles as well as on paper. Clay and wood type were made in China during the eleventh century, while the more durable metal type emerged in Korea during the thirteenth century. The four wooden pieces of type shown here were produced in 1772 or 1777, reworking the Chinese character typeface style of Gapinja, which greatly enhanced the Korean technology of moveable type printing.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[Royal Ontario Museum]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[18th century]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:contributor><![CDATA[Photographer credit: Courtesy of the Royal Ontario Museum]]></dcterms:contributor>
    <dcterms:rights><![CDATA[Royal Ontario Museum]]></dcterms:rights>
    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[Materials: Wood, carved]]></dcterms:format>
    <dcterms:language><![CDATA[Korean]]></dcterms:language>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ROM 952X90.33]]></dcterms:identifier>
    <dcterms:coverage><![CDATA[Korea]]></dcterms:coverage>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://booksalongthesilkroads.library.utoronto.ca/items/show/2757">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Page from a dispersed manuscript containing the Book of Genesis, China, Kaifeng, 17th-18th century, Ink on parchment, On loan from the Royal Ontario Museum, 931.18.3.B (Bishop William C. White Collection)]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[Verses from the Book of Genesis appear on this page written by a member of the Jewish community of Kaifeng, China, most likely in the seventeenth or eighteenth century. Little is known about these people, who may have been the descendants of traders from Iran, but inscriptions reveal that a synagogue was constructed in Kaifeng in 1163 and rebuilt several times before it was finally demolished in the nineteenth century. Surviving manuscripts from this synagogue include both silk-sewn Torah scrolls and smaller books in codex form.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[Royal Ontario Museum]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[17-18th century]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:contributor><![CDATA[Photographer credit: Courtesy of the Royal Ontario Museum]]></dcterms:contributor>
    <dcterms:rights><![CDATA[Royal Ontario Museum]]></dcterms:rights>
    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[Dimensions: 19.1 x 17.7 cm<br /><br />Materials: Ink on parchment]]></dcterms:format>
    <dcterms:language><![CDATA[Hebrew]]></dcterms:language>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ROM 931.18.3.B]]></dcterms:identifier>
    <dcterms:coverage><![CDATA[China, Kaifeng]]></dcterms:coverage>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://booksalongthesilkroads.library.utoronto.ca/items/show/2754">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Two Pages from a dispersed manuscript of Jain Scripture (Kalpa Sutra), India, Gujarat, 16th century, Ink, watercolour and gold on paper, On loan from the Royal Ontario Museum, 2009.10.8, 2009.10.6]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[These two pages come from the Jain Kalpa Sutra, an important religious text that details the lives of the 24 Jain Tirthankaras (literally, &#039;ford-crossers&#039;). In Jainism, it is believed that 24 religious teachers entered the world, at separate times, to teach others how to transcend the cycle of rebirth (samsara). Both pages seen here detail episodes from the story of Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara, roughly contemporary with Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha. In this image, Mahavira plays an Amalaki game with his friends, using curved sticks and riding on each other&#039;s backs. A jealous god disguises himself as a cobra to frighten him, but Mahavira is undefeated.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[Royal Ontario Museum]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[16th century]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:contributor><![CDATA[Photographer credit: Courtesy of the Royal Ontario Museum]]></dcterms:contributor>
    <dcterms:rights><![CDATA[Royal Ontario Museum]]></dcterms:rights>
    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[Dimensions: 11 x 28 cm (Frame dimensions: H 21" x L 17" x D 1 1/4")<br /><br />Materials: Ink, watercolour and gold on paper]]></dcterms:format>
    <dcterms:language><![CDATA[Prakrit]]></dcterms:language>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[2009.10.8 and ROM 2009.10.6]]></dcterms:identifier>
    <dcterms:coverage><![CDATA[India, Gujarat]]></dcterms:coverage>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://booksalongthesilkroads.library.utoronto.ca/items/show/2751">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Babur Receives his Brother, Jahangir Mirza, in the Hammam of Akhsi, from a dispersed manuscript of Book of Babur (Baburnameh) North India, ca. 1590 CE, Opaque watercolour and gold on paper, On loan from the Royal Ontario Museum, 976.306.1]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[This exquisite page comes from the autobiographical Baburnameh, in which Zahir al-Din Muhammad Babur, descendant of Genghis Khan and founder of the Mughal Empire, describes his many travels, victories, and losses. In this scene, the 19-year-old Babur confers with his younger half-brother as they plot their next military actions while having a hot bath in the heavily armed citadel of Akhsi. The Baburnameh, originally written in Babur&#039;s own Chagatai Turkish, was translated into Persian during the reign of his grandson Akbar the Great.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Emperor Babur]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[Royal Ontario Museum]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[ca.1590 CE]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:contributor><![CDATA[Photographer credit: Courtesy of the Royal Ontario Museum]]></dcterms:contributor>
    <dcterms:rights><![CDATA[Royal Ontario Museum]]></dcterms:rights>
    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[Dimensions: 42.9 x 27.7 cm (Frame dimensions: H 23" x L 17" x D 1 1/4")<br /><br />Materials: Opaque watercolour and gold on paper]]></dcterms:format>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ROM 976.306.1]]></dcterms:identifier>
    <dcterms:coverage><![CDATA[North India]]></dcterms:coverage>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://booksalongthesilkroads.library.utoronto.ca/items/show/2748">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Amulet holder, Central Asia, 19th century, Silver, with niello inlay, table-cut carnelians]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[Inner Asia is famous for the jewelry of its more than 30 Turkmen tribes, produced in silver, decorated with talismanic inscriptions, and adorned with carnelian or turquoise. Each element--metal, writing, and precious stones--is carefully chosen to offer protection and healing. Whether carried around the neck, hung from the head, or mounted above a doorway, the amulet would include small tubes containing written words of blessing, along with chains ornamented with bells<br />
to unite sight and sound in the object’s apotropaic effect. The heart-shaped amulet is a dorsal ornament, common in Turkmen jewelry, made to hang from the wearer’s head and extend down the back.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[Wolf Collection]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[19th century]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:contributor><![CDATA[Photographer credit: Courtesy of the Marshall and Marilyn R. Wolf Collection]]></dcterms:contributor>
    <dcterms:rights><![CDATA[Wolf Collection]]></dcterms:rights>
    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[Materials: Silver, with niello inlay, table-cut carnelians]]></dcterms:format>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[M.M. Wolf Collection LI2021.30.3, M.M. Wolf Collection LI2021.30.4, M.M. Wolf Collection LI2021.30.5, M.M. Wolf Collection LI2021.30.6, M.M. Wolf Collection LI2021.30.7, M.M. Wolf Collection LI2021.30.10]]></dcterms:identifier>
    <dcterms:coverage><![CDATA[Central Asia]]></dcterms:coverage>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://booksalongthesilkroads.library.utoronto.ca/items/show/2745">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Cordiform (heart-shaped) pendant, Turkmenistan, Teke, Mid-late 19th century, Silver, fire gilded and cased, with niello inlay, decorative wire and table-cut carnelians, Loan from M. M. Wolf Collection]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[Inner Asia is famous for the jewelry of its more than 30 Turkmen tribes, produced in silver, decorated with talismanic inscriptions, and adorned with carnelian or turquoise. Each element--metal, writing, and precious stones--is carefully chosen to offer protection and healing. Whether carried around the neck, hung from the head, or mounted above a doorway, the amulet would include small tubes containing written words of blessing, along with chains ornamented with bells<br />
to unite sight and sound in the object’s apotropaic effect. The heart- shaped amulet is a dorsal ornament, common in Turkmen jewelry, made to hang from the wearer’s head and extend down the back.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[Wolf Collection]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[Mid-late 19th century<br />
 ]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:rights><![CDATA[Wolf Collection]]></dcterms:rights>
    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[Materials: Silver, fire gilded and cased, with niello inlay, decorative wire and table-cut carnelians]]></dcterms:format>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[M.M. Wolf Collection LI2021.30.8]]></dcterms:identifier>
    <dcterms:coverage><![CDATA[Turkmenistan, Teke]]></dcterms:coverage>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://booksalongthesilkroads.library.utoronto.ca/items/show/2739">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Eskandar Sees the Talking Trees, From a dispersed manuscript of the Book of Kings (Shahnameh) of Firdausi (d. 1020), Uzbekistan, Bukhara, 16th century, Ink on paper and opaque watercolour]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[Alexander the Great (356 – 323 BCE) is known under many names, including the Persian ‘Eskandar’ depicted in manuscripts from Iran and Uzbekistan. His Macedonian origins and association with Greek culture — above all through his teacher, Aristotle — were eclipsed by his travels and conquest of much of the known world. Traditions across Asia, Europe, and Africa paint a picture of Alexander as a figure of exemplary power and audacity, as well as a warning of the dangers of overreach. Vivid manuscript illustrations depict scenes from Alexander’s life, from the battle with the Zangis and meeting with Khaqan found in Nizami’s Khamseh to the encounter with the enigmatic Trees of the Sun and Moon seen here in a page from Firdausi’s Shahnameh. In this manuscript from 16th-century Bukhara, the talking trees located at the edge of the earth offer the all-powerful ruler a prophetic glimpse of the untimely death that awaits him, in spite of his supreme power.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Firdausi (d. 1020)]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[Royal Ontario Museum]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[16th century]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:contributor><![CDATA[Photographer credit: Courtesy of the Royal Ontario Museum]]></dcterms:contributor>
    <dcterms:rights><![CDATA[Royal Ontario Museum]]></dcterms:rights>
    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[Dimensions: 33.1 x 21.5 cm (Frame dimensions: H 21" x L 17" x D 1 1/4")<br /><br />Materials: Ink on paper and opaque watercolour]]></dcterms:format>
    <dcterms:language><![CDATA[Persian]]></dcterms:language>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ROM 970.268.2A]]></dcterms:identifier>
    <dcterms:coverage><![CDATA[Uzbekistan, Bukhara]]></dcterms:coverage>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://booksalongthesilkroads.library.utoronto.ca/items/show/2736">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Vishnu Reclining on Serpent Ananta, India, Punjab Hills, early 19th century, Watercolour and gold on paper, On loan from the Royal Ontario Museum, 2009.10.29]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[The entire cycle of creation and destruction is captured in this image of the Hindu deity Vishnu in his role as preserver and renewer. As one age ends, Vishnu swallows up the universe and turns it into a formless ocean; reclining on the mighty serpent Ananta, he starts the process of creation anew in the form of Brahma, who rises from the central lotus flower to begin the next age. Vishnu’s devoted spouse Laxmi, the goddess of wealth, love, and beauty, massages his feet at right.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[Royal Ontario Museum]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[early 19th century]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:contributor><![CDATA[Photographer credit: Courtesy of the Royal Ontario Museum]]></dcterms:contributor>
    <dcterms:rights><![CDATA[Royal Ontario Museum]]></dcterms:rights>
    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[Dimensions: Frame dimensions: H 12 1/2" x L 15 1/2" x D 1 1/4"<br /><br />Materials: Watercolour and gold on paper]]></dcterms:format>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ROM 2009.10.29]]></dcterms:identifier>
    <dcterms:coverage><![CDATA[India, Punjab Hills]]></dcterms:coverage>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://booksalongthesilkroads.library.utoronto.ca/items/show/2734">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Hidden Stories Symposium]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[<style="text-align: left;"><b data-stringify-type="bold"></b><span>HIDDEN STORIES: GLOBAL HISTORY, LOCAL NETWORKS </span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span>Virtual Symposium: </span><span>February 24-25, 2022</span><span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span>Join the Aga Khan Museum for a virtual symposium celebrating the exhibition&nbsp;</span><i data-stringify-type="italic"><a target="_blank" class="c-link" data-stringify-link="https://www.agakhanmuseum.org/exhibitions/hidden-stories" delay="150" data-sk="tooltip_parent" href="https://www.agakhanmuseum.org/exhibitions/hidden-stories" rel="noopener noreferrer">Hidden Stories: Books Along the Silk Roads</a></i><span>, featuring books, scrolls, manuscript paintings, textiles, and objects spanning a 1,000-year history. The exhibition and symposium are global — examining a vast network of trade routes spanning Asia, Europe, and Africa — and local, bringing together historical artifacts from collections across Ontario, Canada.</span><span class="c-mrkdwn__br" data-stringify-type="paragraph-break"></span><b data-stringify-type="bold"></b></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><b data-stringify-type="bold"><a target="_blank" class="c-link" data-stringify-link="https://www.agakhanmuseum.org/programs/hidden-stories-global-history-local-networks" delay="150" data-sk="tooltip_parent" href="https://www.agakhanmuseum.org/programs/hidden-stories-global-history-local-networks" rel="noopener noreferrer">View the Symposium Program here.</a></b><span class="c-message__edited_label" dir="ltr" delay="300" data-sk="tooltip_parent">&nbsp;</span><b data-stringify-type="bold"></b><span class="c-message__edited_label" dir="ltr" delay="300" data-sk="tooltip_parent">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><b data-stringify-type="bold"><a target="_blank" class="c-link" data-stringify-link="https://theias.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZAkfuGpqTMjGdEILNZ07M4wYvZ3MJ-38NNh" delay="150" data-sk="tooltip_parent" href="https://theias.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZAkfuGpqTMjGdEILNZ07M4wYvZ3MJ-38NNh" rel="noopener noreferrer">Click here to register.</a>&nbsp;</b></p>]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[Aga Khan Museum ]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[February 24-25, 2022]]></dcterms:date>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://booksalongthesilkroads.library.utoronto.ca/items/show/2733">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Torah Case from the synagogue at Kaifeng, China, 17th century (Ming - Qing Dynasty), Gold-lacquered wood, ROM931.18.1]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[From the Royal Ontario Museum collection: This Torah case from the synagogue at Kaifeng was collected by William C. White, Anglican Bishop in Henan Province in the early 20th century. This object is part of the virtual exhibit only. <br />
]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[Royal Ontario Museum]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[17th century (Ming - Qing Dynasty)]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:contributor><![CDATA[Royal Ontario Museum]]></dcterms:contributor>
    <dcterms:rights><![CDATA[Royal Ontario Museum, Bishop William C. White Collection]]></dcterms:rights>
    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[Dimensions: 72 x 29.4 cm<br /><br />Materials: Gold-lacquered wood]]></dcterms:format>
    <dcterms:language><![CDATA[Hebrew]]></dcterms:language>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ROM931.18.1]]></dcterms:identifier>
    <dcterms:coverage><![CDATA[Kaifeng, China]]></dcterms:coverage>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://booksalongthesilkroads.library.utoronto.ca/items/show/2730">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Torah Scroll in Case, Iraq, possibly Kurdistan, 17th-18th century, case c.1907, Wood, metal, paint, vellum, ROM991.25.2]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[From the Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto: In eastern Islamic lands, many Jewish communities mounted the parchment Torah scrolls in a rigid cylindrical case, which was often pained or covered with embossed silver. The case stood erect on the reader&#039;s table and the scrolls were positioned vertically. According to inscriptions on this case, it was made in 1907 to honour the memory of Ruhama, daughter of Katton, by her son Rabbi Abraham. The scroll belongs to an older Torah dating to the 17th or 18th century. This object is part of the virtual exhibit only. ]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[Royal Ontario Museum]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[17th-18th century, case c.1907]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:contributor><![CDATA[Royal Ontario Museum]]></dcterms:contributor>
    <dcterms:rights><![CDATA[Royal Ontario Museum; Gift of Ed Mirvish, Certified by the Canadian Cultural Property Export Review Board under the terms of the Cultural Property Export and Import Act. Attestée par la Commission canadienne d&#039;examen des exportations de biens culturels en vertu de la Loi sur l&#039;exportation et l&#039;importation de biens culturels.]]></dcterms:rights>
    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[Dimensions: 75 x 25 cm<br /><br />Materials: Wood, metal, paint, vellum]]></dcterms:format>
    <dcterms:language><![CDATA[Hebrew]]></dcterms:language>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[ROM991.25.2]]></dcterms:identifier>
    <dcterms:coverage><![CDATA[Iraq, possibly Kurdistan]]></dcterms:coverage>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://booksalongthesilkroads.library.utoronto.ca/items/show/2721">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Rama Speaks to the Hermit Bharadvaja Outside his Dwelling, from a Ramayana manuscript, India, Punjab Hills, Bahu or Kulu, c. 1700-10, Opaque watercolour on paper, AKM138]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[This version of the Sanskrit epic Ramayana uses images instead of words to tell how Rama, a manifestation of the Hindu god Vishnu, struggled to defeat the demon king Ravana. On this page, Rama is exiled to the forest, but the austere sage at left promises that he will soon return home. Although illustrations of this scene in texts of the Ramayana show the prince dressed in leaves, this version uses images, adorning Rama with a robe, sword, and crown to make clear his royal nature.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[Aga Khan Museum]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[c. 1700-10 ]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:contributor><![CDATA[Aga Khan Museum]]></dcterms:contributor>
    <dcterms:rights><![CDATA[Aga Khan Museum]]></dcterms:rights>
    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[Dimensions: 22.2x32 cm<br /><br />Materials: Opaque watercolour on paper]]></dcterms:format>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[AKM138]]></dcterms:identifier>
    <dcterms:coverage><![CDATA[India, Punjab Hills, Bahu or Kulu]]></dcterms:coverage>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://booksalongthesilkroads.library.utoronto.ca/items/show/2718">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Qur&#039;an Manuscript, Copied by Mahmud Sha&#039;ban, India, Gwalior, 11 July 1399 CE / 7 Dhu&#039;l-Qa&#039;da 801 AH, Ink, gold, and opaque watercolour on paper, AKM281]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[This signed and dated copy of the Qur&#039;an produced in northern India near the end of the fourteenth century is a rare survivor: even though Muslims had long been settled in the region, very few manuscripts from that time and place have come down to the present time. The &#039;Gwalior Qur&#039;an,&#039; named for its place of origin, demonstrates the inventiveness of Indian scribes, whose bihari script creatively reworks the lettering typically used to copy the Qur&#039;an.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Copied by Mahmud Sha‘ban]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[Aga Khan Museum]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[11 July 1399 CE / 7 Dhu&#039;l-Qa&#039;da 801 AH]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:contributor><![CDATA[Aga Khan Museum]]></dcterms:contributor>
    <dcterms:rights><![CDATA[Aga Khan Museum]]></dcterms:rights>
    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[Dimensions: 29.8 x 23.5 x 6.6 cm<br /><br />Materials: Ink, gold, and opaque watercolour on paper]]></dcterms:format>
    <dcterms:language><![CDATA[Arabic]]></dcterms:language>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[AKM 281]]></dcterms:identifier>
    <dcterms:coverage><![CDATA[India, Gwalior]]></dcterms:coverage>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://booksalongthesilkroads.library.utoronto.ca/items/show/2715">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Manuscript of the Spiritual Words from Greek Philosophy with Sayings of the Philosophers Accompanied with Their Portraits (Al-Kalimat al-Ruhaniyya min al-Hikam al-Yunaniyya fi Kalimat al-Hukama&#039; wa Ashkalihim)<br />
Iraq, Baghdad, late 13th century, Attributed Calligrapher: Yaqut al-Musta&#039;simi (d. 1290), Attributed Painter: Mahmoud b. Abi&#039;l-Mahasin al-Qashi, Ink, gold, and opaque watercolour on paper<br />
AKM283]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[These digital images, from the manuscript of Spiritual Words from Greek Philosophy with Sayings of the Philosophers Accompanied with their Portraits on view in the permanent gallery, feature wise maxims in Arabic attributed to Greek philosophers and notables. The manuscript, produced in thirteenth-century Baghdad, includes 13 illustrations showing ancient Greek philosophers and scientists such as Hippocrates, Diogenes, and Aristotle. Alexander the Great (Arabic, Iskandar) appears seated on his throne (fol. 19r) surrounded by scholars, including his beloved teacher Aristotle, whose exchange of letters with the great traveller and conqueror was translated into many languages across Asia, Europe, and Africa.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Attributed Calligrapher: Yaqut al-Musta’simi (d. 1290) Attributed Painter: Mahmoud b. Abi’l-Mahasin al-Qashi]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[Aga Khan Museum]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[late 13th century]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:contributor><![CDATA[Aga Khan Museum]]></dcterms:contributor>
    <dcterms:rights><![CDATA[Aga Khan Museum]]></dcterms:rights>
    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[Materials: Ink, gold, and opaque watercolour on paper]]></dcterms:format>
    <dcterms:language><![CDATA[Arabic]]></dcterms:language>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[AKM 283]]></dcterms:identifier>
    <dcterms:coverage><![CDATA[Iraq, Baghdad]]></dcterms:coverage>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://booksalongthesilkroads.library.utoronto.ca/items/show/2712">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Alexander Mourns the Death of the Persian King, Darius III, from a manuscript of the History of Nigaristan (Kitab-i Nigaristan) by Ahmad Muhammad Ghaffari (d. 1567/8), Iran, probably Shiraz, 1573-74 CE / 980 AH, Ink, gold, and opaque watercolour on paper, AKM272]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[Eskandar, in the Persian tradition, was depicted as not just a Macedonian prince but also a descendent of Iranian kings. This page from the Kitab-i Nigaristan, a collection of historical anecdotes, shows Alexander kneeling beside his dying opponent, King Darius, in a scene of conquest and fraternal love. The two men at bottom left, bound and with their headgear removed, had attacked their own king believing that Alexander would reward them; instead, he has them killed for their treacherous act.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Ahmad Muhammad Ghaffari (d. 1567/8)]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:publisher><![CDATA[Aga Khan Museum]]></dcterms:publisher>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[1573-74 CE / 980 AH]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:contributor><![CDATA[Aga Khan Museum]]></dcterms:contributor>
    <dcterms:rights><![CDATA[Aga Khan Museum]]></dcterms:rights>
    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[Materials: Ink, gold, and opaque watercolour on paper]]></dcterms:format>
    <dcterms:language><![CDATA[Persian]]></dcterms:language>
    <dcterms:identifier><![CDATA[AKM272]]></dcterms:identifier>
    <dcterms:coverage><![CDATA[Iran, probably Shiraz]]></dcterms:coverage>
</rdf:Description></rdf:RDF>
